The Britihs Library and The Darlington Digital Library.

Both, the British Library and the Darlington Digital Library have available some of their books online. In this post I am going to write a brief review explaining their structure and design, the contect (genre and format)  and who are the people in charge of them.

The British Library is sitted at 96 Euston Rd, London. Nevertheless we can have access to eight collections without moving from our home. The collections available are: Henry VIII, Taking liberties, Sacred, turn the pages, historical text, Magna Carta, Maps and views and Black Europeans Appart form them we can find another two possibilities: enjoying online exhibitions and taking some highlight tour. The pages of the books are shown as a picture with no possibility of highlihting anything, however it is important to point out the quality of the photos.

The Darlington Digital Library defines itself as:

The Darlington Digital Library was created from the first major collection of books, manuscripts, atlases, and maps donated to the University of Pittsburgh. Most of the credit for assembling the Darlington Collection rightly goes to William M. Darlington, an attorney by profession who was born in Pittsburgh in 1815.

In it we can find atlases, books, broadsides, images, manuscripts and maps. before entering one of each parts we are offered a brief exposition of what are we going to find. Once you have decided which book you want to retrieve yo are offeered a brief description of it and a list of the pages available. As well as with the British Library, just photos are offered but in high quallity.

 

References:

Main differences between ebooks and traditional books.

Everybody can see the differences between the ebook and the traditonal book. Nevertheless there is more than meets the eye and in this short post I am going to introduce the differences beetween them.

  • Text can be searched automatically and be linked to other books using cross-referenced hyperlinks.
  • E-books allow non-permanent annotation and highligting
  • Font and its size can be adapted to the reader.
  • Animated images or multimedia clips to be embedded may be allowed.
  • An e-book can automatically open at the last read page.
  • Text-to-speech software can be used to read the text. Nevertheless, the voice will be auto-generated, so the quality may be  worse than audiobooks.
  • It is easier for authors to self-publish e-books.
  • A free e-book can stimulate the sales of the printed version.
Ebook vs Book

Ebook vs Book

References

Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee

Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), is a British engineer and computer scientist and MIT professor credited with inventing the World Wide Web. He inherited his parents’ interest in computer technology. In 1976 he set about building his own computer. He used tools that could be found in the house.

Tim took up employment with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd, a major UK Telecom equipment manufacturer. Working on bar code technology and message systems helped further whet his appetite for computer systems.

He is the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, a Web standards organization founded in 1994 which develops interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential. He is co-Director of the Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI), started in 2006 in order to help create the first multidisciplinary research body to examine the World Wide Web and offer the practical solutions needed to help guide its future use and design. He is also a Director of the World Wide Web Foundation, started in 2008 to fund and coordinate efforts to further the potential of the Web to benefit humanity.

Since 2005 he has recieved the following awards:

2005:

  • Common Wealth Award for Distinguished Service for Mass Communications
  • Die Quadriga Award
  • Financial Times Lifetime Achievement Award
  • 2006:
  • President’s Medal, the Institute of Physics

2007:

  • Awarded the Order of Merit by H.M. the Queen
  • Charles Stark Draper Prize, National Academy of Engineering
  • Lovelace Medal, British Computer Society
  • D&AD President’s Award for Innovation and Creativity
  • MITX (Massachusetts Innovation & Technology Exchange) Leadership Award
  • Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Engineering

2008:

  • BITC Award for Excellence
  • IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award
  • Fellow, IEEE
  • Pathfinder Award, Harvard Kennedy School of Government

2009:

  • Foreign Associate, National Academy of Sciences
  • Webby Awards Lifetime Achievement Award
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee

Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee

 

Resources:

La enciclopedia francesa.

La burguesía se formo en el siglo XVII y alcanzó su mayor esplendor en el XVIII. Sus mayores características eras su gran poder adquisitivo (igual o superior al de la nobleza) y su interés por la ciencia. Con la aparición de la burguesía se da la aparición también del tiempo de ocio para aquellos que no pertenecían a la clase privilegiada. Por ello se da también un mayor desarrollo de la literatura del ocio.

También se da a la par el desarrollo del periodismo. En los siglos XVIII y XIX, los líderes políticos tomaron conciencia del gran poder que podían tener las gacetas para influir en la población y proliferaron los periódicos de facciones y partidos políticos. A su par se da el desarrollo de una obra de caracter divulgativo solo al alcance de la burguesia y de la nobleza: la enciclopedia.  A partir de la aparición de la L’Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers en Francia es el resultado de la conjunción de la nueva filosofía naturalista, el espíritu científico y el nuevo estamento de la burguesía. En su totalidad, esta obra comprende 21 volúmenes de texto, 12 volúmenes de láminas y 2 volúmenes de índice general, lo cual supone más de 25.000 páginas.

Portada de LEncyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers

Portada de "L'Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers"

 

Recursos:

Questionnaire #3: Machine translation

Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation MT, is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of computer software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another. At its basic level, MT performs simple substitution of words in one natural language for words in another. Using corpus techniques, more complex translations may be attempted, allowing for better handling of differences in linguistic typology, phrase recognition, and translation of idioms, as well as the isolation of anomalies.

Today a number of systems are available which produce output which, if not perfect, is of sufficient quality to be useful for certain specific applications, usually in the domain of technical documentation. In addition, translation software packages which are designed primarily to assist the human translator in the production of translations are enjoying increasingly popularity within professional translation organizations.

These are some examples of Online transaltors:

Languages from the world

Languages from the world

References:

Questionnaire #3: Question answering systems

Related with the topic below this post is going to be related with one of the most developed systems: the question answering.  As in the post below I developed abut how does they work, in this I am just going to give few examples of them.

  • Powerset: Powerset’s goal is to change the way people interact with technology by enabling computers to understand our language Powerset’s first product is a search and discovery experience for Wikipedia, launched in May 2008. Powerset’s technology improves the entire search process. In the search box, you can express yourself in keywords, phrases, or simple questions. On the search results page, Powerset gives more accurate results, often answering questions directly.
  • Anna: If you have any doubts with IKEA, you can ask her. Although she is not very developed she can redirect you to any part in IKEA’s web page in order to get any products.
  • Answers.com: This works as Power Set does.
Ask Anna if you have any doubts on IKEA

Ask Anna if you have any doubts on IKEA

References

Questionnaire #2: Answer Extraction

The system takes a natural-language query as input and produces a list of  answers ranked in order of confidence. According to Language Techonology World where a project in Answer Extraction is developed by  Rolf Schwitter, Michael Hess, Rachel Fournier, Diego Mollá-Aliod, Gerold Schneider, ExtrAns is one of the most developed programs in Answer Extraction.

ExtrAns is a system that finds answers to questions about (the Solaris variety of) UNIX in the on-line system documentation, the manpages. The questions may be phrased in ordinary English rather than in some formal query language. The answers are the sentence(s) of the manpages containing direct answers to the question (if there are any), complete with clickable links into the full manpages containing them.

The search procedure uses a proof algorithm of the user query over the Horn clause representation of the minimal logical forms. Remaining ambiguities in the retrieved sentences are dealt with by graded highlighting.

eschema

References:

Questionnaire #2: Emotion Recognition

The new trends in human-computer interfaces, which have evolved from conventional mouse and keyboard to automatic speech recognition systems and special interfaces designed for disabled people, do not take complete advantage of these valuable communicative abilities, resulting often in a less than natural interaction.

Facial expressions are privileged relative to other nonverbal “channels” of communication, such as vocal inflections and body movements. Facial expressions appear to be the most subject to conscious control. The ability to recognize emotion from facial expressions appears at least partially inborn. Newborns prefer to look at faces rather than other complex stimuli, and thus may be programmed to focus on information in faces. Until now the most widely used speech cues for audio emotion recognition are global-level prosodic features such as the statistics of the pitch and the intensity.

As Lisa Feldman Barrett, Peter Salovey, John D. Mayer pint out, several aspects should be taken into account in facial recognition: such as: gender, socioesconomic status,  personality, age… That all make facial emotion recognicion so difficult.

Emotions

Emotions

Resources:

Questionnaire #2: The intelligent Library Assistant

In modern society, robots are been designed to play an increasing role in the lives of ordinary people. Among the emerging areas in robotics is the field of service robots. One example of it is an intelligent library assistant robot.

Universities and some public libraries use a kind of intelligent Library Assistant to search for the books, and categorize them. Now,  This work in progress towards a complete system working to assist users on a library. With this aim, the system must be capable  of looking for a specific book in a shelf, asked by any user,and  deliver it as soon as possible to the user.

Conceptual map

The proyect developing now by the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence has got the following aims according to his manager, Norbert Reithinger:

  • Investigation, supply and adaptation of the contents of a real digital library for interactive information extraction
  • Hybrid information extraction based on a combination of metadata and document processing
  • Development of domain-adaptive deep methods for information extraction using the example of biomedical documents
  • Prototypical development of interactive personalized navigation allowing the user of the digital library an intuitive multimodal search

References:

Note: Updated, 28th March 2009 (16:41)

Questionnaire #2: List of topics

Here there are the topics I have chosen.

  1. The intelligent Library Assistant
  2. Answer Extraction
  3. Morphological Analysis
  4. Lexical-Functional Grammar
  5. Sustained Emotionally coloured Machine-human Interaction using Nonverbal Expression
  6. Citizens Advanced Relationship Management
  7. Intelligent dialogue control and expressive speech synthesis for computer games
  8. Emotion Recognition
  9. Text-to-speech Synthesis
  10. Automatic Language Identification

Resources: